Test as you'll race. Indoors, you can stay in aero the entire time easily, but I would not, because on most outdoor courses you do get some respite from the aero position. But in both cases, pick a course that allows you to spend most of the time indoors, but I think it should also be a course that has some standing, some cornering, some seated climbing, and some fast descending. Likewise, in an indoor test, I think you should mimic such position changes. 90% of the test in aero, but do make use of other positions, just as you would outside.

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Makes sense. I have to do both because my PowerTap (outdoor) and Tacx (indoor) give major differences.

Test and set training levels in the position that enables you to produce the most power while indoors and outdoors. Anything less and you'll be training at sub-threshold efforts.

I suspect that would be true if I tested in Aero, but then trained on the hoods. Let’s say I test, sitting up, which generates the best possible wattage. Then I go to do a workout based on a % of that number, but spend half the time on my aerobars. Let’s say my true FTP is 250 sitting up, and 225 in aero. Then I tell you I’m going to do 4 x 12 min at 230 Watts. Am I doing 90-95% of FTP? Guess we need to know how I ride those workouts, right? Perhaps it’s splitting hairs and really doesn’t matter?
I have always tested a month from a major race, in Aero, and used that to calculate my race targets. I’m less sure what to do while in a training block.