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Hookless - I Have Questions
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This piece just came out about the hookless drama, which seems reasonably neutral, discusses safety, and dispels what seems to be some ignorance brewing in the media hype cycle. (nice writing, Dan!). I have questions.

I was going to ask Dan a single follow-up question to the article but realized I had many more questions, some of which are probably better answered by some of the users of this forum. I would love to have facts presented with some indication of the confidence level in the answers given. Statements like "n=1" or "I'm an engineer specializing in carbon bicycle wheels" are helpful for personal context too. :)

First, I had two overarching questions which are what led me to the longer list of specific questions below.
  1. Market Curiosity: Does it seem to you that hookless is a sufficiently large step backwards in the non-riding parts of the user experience that the detriments outweigh the benefits too much for hookless to take off in the market completely like disc brakes did? Or is it just a matter of learning and time?
  2. Decision-driving: Do the tradeoffs lean in favor of me purchasing hookless for my wife's next race wheelset? (I don't race seriously and only use hand-me-down components from my wife).
I realize what I really need are answers to specific questions. I need to know the reported benefits and tradeoffs, and their veracities and magnitudes.

Accordingly, here are some specific questions. I've written the questions as simply as possible. We could also add: "if so, by how much, how variable is it, how sure are we, and how did we come to those conclusions?" If answers are "it depends" and you can contribute, I'll be appreciative.
  1. Are hookless more aero?
  2. Do hookless create lower rolling resistance? (assuming optimized mounting and inflation of hookless and hooked)
  3. Do hookless weigh less?
  4. Do hookless offer traction benefits during cornering?
  5. Do hookless offer traction benefits during braking?
  6. How much more or less sealant do hookless tires use?
  7. Are hookless physically easier or more challenging or more involved to mount?
  8. Is the understanding that there are tighter tolerances to hookless inflation and mounting, than for hooked, an accurate understanding? Are the tighter tolerances going to matter much to me if I'm usually setting pressure to within 5-10psi of what I think is optimal, on a daily basis, and within 1-2psi of what I think is optimal on most race days? As in, if I'm already paying reasonable attention to pressure, do I just need to learn what pressures work and then it'll be the same workload for me?
  9. Is there ANY data on the rate of catastrophic tire or wheel failure while in use? Or is it all anecdote at the moment? Does that data even exist compiled somewhere for any other piece of tech specifically?
  10. If anyone has any data they care to share from "garage failures" of real humans doing real stupid things and experiencing bad outcomes, I'd love to see that. (probably would have to come from a tire or wheel manufacturers customer service department that is deciding it's good to be transparent here.)
  11. How much savings does hookless create for wheel manufacturers on a per-wheel basis? (ie. how much cost-savings could be passed to the consumer if they decided to optimize their systems for passing on savings to consumer for market reasons or otherwise, instead of spending the manufacturing cost savings on some other benefit in the wheel manufacturing process?)
What other questions am I overlooking?

Bonus points if this thread serves as a good discussion place for future reasonable discussion on all things hookless vs hooked.

Relevant context on my experience and knowledge: I've taken 2-3 years off the race scene and am moving back in. I'm new to hookless, except for one ride on a borrowed bike, which went fine. I'm pretty new to this conversation. I've skimmed a few threads and articles and it's all still a bit murky to me if consensus is forming.

Dr. Alex Harrison | Founder & CEO | Sport Physiology & Performance PhD
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Last edited by: DrAlexHarrison: Mar 12, 24 10:18
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [DrAlexHarrison] [ In reply to ]
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Maybe add one question : can the 72.5 PSI limit imposed by hookless introduce performance penalties under specific conditions (rider weight/surface type/tire size) ?
Last edited by: marcag: Mar 12, 24 10:25
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [DrAlexHarrison] [ In reply to ]
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This is kinda like watching a B grade horror movie, They open the door to the basement - it's pitch black down there, and you can hear all kinds of horrible noises....yet they still go down the stairs! :)
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [marcag] [ In reply to ]
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I’m getting my popcorn ready:-)

Jeroen

Owner at TRIPRO, The Netherlands
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [TRIPRO] [ In reply to ]
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Hookless wheels have certainly made me faster.


(Everytime the thread comes up I have an urge to go out and do some training to get away from the discussion and go to my safe space).
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [Duncan74] [ In reply to ]
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How? And compared to what?
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [Duncan74] [ In reply to ]
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Duncan74 wrote:
(Everytime the thread comes up I have an urge to go out and do some training to get away from the discussion and go to my safe space).

I honestly thought the post "Heart question: ST Depression on stress ECG" was that Slowtwitch was actually causing depression!!

To the OP - the reason for these responses, and the reason there were almost no "comments" to the front page article on Hookless, is because we have been discussing it to death here - "https://forum.slowtwitch.com/.../?page=unread#unread"

Bottom line, IMHO, I wouldn't heavily invest into it until the UCI makes a decision. I'm sure they will be completely impartial and not be influenced by outside forces - just ask Obree.
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [DrAlexHarrison] [ In reply to ]
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I think your questions are well defined already.

What I would like to see is either an upfront objective "I'm a triathlete and my objective is to ride the fastest possible IM bike leg, with my current fitness", which e.g. is not the same as "I'm a triathlete and my objective is to finish IM with the fastest time possible, with my current fitness". The difference between the two would be the potential detrimental effect of vibration from the bike leg on the run leg.

Alternatively, provide an upfront caveat that you are aiming at achieving close-to-optimal setup. E.g. you'd be comparing 25mm tire on 20mm internal width vs 28mm tire on 23mm internal width. You don't need to be specific as much, but by stressing "close-to-optimal for speed" assumption, you are eliminating setups far from ideal.

Personally, I've not jumped on the hookless train yet. I'm a big fan of DT Swiss and Swissside wheels and they've deliberately decided to refrain from hookless design. And I'm not talking what you see on the market, but their current R&D pipeline.
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [Michal_CH] [ In reply to ]
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Michal_CH wrote:
I think your questions are well defined already.

What I would like to see is either an upfront objective "I'm a triathlete and my objective is to ride the fastest possible IM bike leg, with my current fitness", which e.g. is not the same as "I'm a triathlete and my objective is to finish IM with the fastest time possible, with my current fitness". The difference between the two would be the potential detrimental effect of vibration from the bike leg on the run leg.

Alternatively, provide an upfront caveat that you are aiming at achieving close-to-optimal setup. E.g. you'd be comparing 25mm tire on 20mm internal width vs 28mm tire on 23mm internal width. You don't need to be specific as much, but by stressing "close-to-optimal for speed" assumption, you are eliminating setups far from ideal.

Personally, I've not jumped on the hookless train yet. I'm a big fan of DT Swiss and Swissside wheels and they've deliberately decided to refrain from hookless design. And I'm not talking what you see on the market, but their current R&D pipeline.

Agreed. JP Ballard said he'd never do a hookless wheelset and between his comments and Josh, I'm all in on hooked. That said, I don't see a benefit for ME for tubeless as the facts just don't back it up. I nerd out a lot on these issues and no one has ever shown hookless to be faster, easier, more efficient or any positives other than production cost for the manufacturer.

Kiwami Racing Team
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [GaryGeiger] [ In reply to ]
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GaryGeiger wrote:
I don't see a benefit for ME for tubeless as the facts just don't back it up. I nerd out a lot on these issues and no one has ever shown hookless to be faster, easier, more efficient or any positives other than production cost for the manufacturer.

Did you mean hooklesss for the former? Otherwise I'm engaging my #tubelessmafia mode to proselytize on you all the Good News about road tubeless.
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [trail] [ In reply to ]
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trail wrote:
GaryGeiger wrote:

I don't see a benefit for ME for tubeless as the facts just don't back it up. I nerd out a lot on these issues and no one has ever shown hookless to be faster, easier, more efficient or any positives other than production cost for the manufacturer.


Did you mean hooklesss for the former? Otherwise I'm engaging my #tubelessmafia mode to proselytize on you all the Good News about road tubeless.

Go ahead. I'm in for tubeless on ym gravel, bot not road for me. I work in a shop and have to deal with all of those problems and honestly it's NOT faster.

Kiwami Racing Team
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [GaryGeiger] [ In reply to ]
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Anyone else yearn for the era of the clinchers vs tub discussions.
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [Duncan74] [ In reply to ]
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Duncan74 wrote:
Anyone else yearn for the era of the clinchers vs tub discussions.

LOL! I'm not THAT much of a neanderthal.... Been there, done that don't miss it at all.....

Kiwami Racing Team
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [GaryGeiger] [ In reply to ]
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I don’t think anyone will argue tubeless is faster for road. Theres obviously been countless data that shows latex tube vs tubeless is the same speed wise. I guess the only scenario I could think of where tubeless would be faster is if you wanted to run 28 mm tires on a wide rim so optimized pressure would be relatively low for a typical road. Not sure I would be comfortable running tubes on such a low pressure so one might run higher pressures because of the tube which may not necessarily be the most optimized setup for a given road.

I resisted tubeless for a while and was perfectly fine with tubes. I ran latex for everything including training. I will say it is nice to have some level of comfort that any small punctures are going to get sealed and wont force me to be on the side of the road changing a tube out. It is a little more work upfront but once you find a tlr wheelset and tire setup that mounts easily, it’s not that difficult. So for me, the only thing I feel like I gain with tubeless is puncture resistance. But there’s absolutely nothing wrong with tubes if that’s your thing.

blog
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [stevej] [ In reply to ]
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Agree with you on much of this. But I run latex and am thus as fast, and (know on wood) no flats for 3 years. I also have no wheels that are super wide as my bikes are not optimized that way and I have no issues with 25s. They are fast on my existing wheels and I'm happy with what I have. That said, "comfort" that is a number one comment 28 and bigger claim is so individual; I have no qualms as to what I ride and don't feel uncomfortable. Similar to running shoes and saddles, everyone's "comfort" level is different. I tend to prefer aero to comfort at this point win my riding.

Kiwami Racing Team
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [Duncan74] [ In reply to ]
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Duncan74 wrote:
Hookless wheels have certainly made me faster.

Can you elaborate? I’m searching for a benefit of hookless wheels on a road bike, and the only two I can find are:

1) Lighter (or stronger for the same weight) - seems to be pretty marginal though
2) Cheaper (in theory at least, not getting in to whether that is actually passed to the consumer or not

There are clearly benefits to going with wider tyres (even more so on bumpy NZ roads), possibly with tubeless, but neither affect whether we have hookless or not. There are undeniably down sides to hookless on the road so what upsides have I missed?

I should add, I’m not trying to be awkward, I have no opinion, but I’ve been through the hookless thread and the two above are the only advantages I can find. I should also add that on my MTB I have been running hookless wheels for years - I’m talking road use here.
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [GaryGeiger] [ In reply to ]
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I don’t see any noticeable performance benefit over hooked. I don’t understand why people keep considering them? All I see is that it’s cheaper to produce and really limits the consumer. If we stop buying them, SRAM and Giant will be forced to revert back. Hookless, no matter how rare, have safety issues. Hooked, do not. If you love your wife, buy her some dt Swiss or Swiss-sides as someone else posted and have one less thing to worry about as she’s flying down a hill and bouncing over rough roads. Having hooked rims was the deciding factor for me when choosing the spec level of my latest bike.

We’re not driving cars. We don’t have steel in our tires and the tolerances cannot be as tight as they are on cars. We put our 2mm thick tires on with our thumbs…. Give me all the hooks!!
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [TonyRad] [ In reply to ]
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TonyRad wrote:
I don’t see any noticeable performance benefit over hooked. I don’t understand why people keep considering them? All I see is that it’s cheaper to produce and really limits the consumer. If we stop buying them, SRAM and Giant will be forced to revert back. Hookless, no matter how rare, have safety issues. Hooked, do not. If you love your wife, buy her some dt Swiss or Swiss-sides as someone else posted and have one less thing to worry about as she’s flying down a hill and bouncing over rough roads. Having hooked rims was the deciding factor for me when choosing the spec level of my latest bike.

We’re not driving cars. We don’t have steel in our tires and the tolerances cannot be as tight as they are on cars. We put our 2mm thick tires on with our thumbs…. Give me all the hooks!!

^^^^ This for sure.

Kiwami Racing Team
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [DrAlexHarrison] [ In reply to ]
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I think the zipp303fc is the best wheel I’ve ridden … for all surfaces and somewhat hilly road / gravel races … and it only comes in
Hookless. Therefore, I have converted to hookless

I have no bias towards or again hooks. I just want a fast wheel, that I can run at low(ish) pressure for comfort on training rides and then pump up higher for maximum speed when I race

It is amazing to train long rides on chipseal @ 30psi and 38 slicks, so tubes are out for me. Hoooked vs hookless is completely irrelevant to me

When we debate rim vs disc brake, there are notable performance (or at least feelings) between the two that everyone could talk to and both have some amount of pros / cons

Hooked vs hookless feels like an argument just for engineers. As a consumer, I just don’t care
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [rmt] [ In reply to ]
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rmt wrote:
Duncan74 wrote:
Hookless wheels have certainly made me faster.

(Everytime the thread comes up I have an urge to go out and do some training to get away from the discussion and go to my safe space).


Can you elaborate? I’m searching for a benefit of hookless wheels on a road bike, and the only two I can find are:

1) Lighter (or stronger for the same weight) - seems to be pretty marginal though
2) Cheaper (in theory at least, not getting in to whether that is actually passed to the consumer or not

There are clearly benefits to going with wider tyres (even more so on bumpy NZ roads), possibly with tubeless, but neither affect whether we have hookless or not. There are undeniably down sides to hookless on the road so what upsides have I missed?

I should add, I’m not trying to be awkward, I have no opinion, but I’ve been through the hookless thread and the two above are the only advantages I can find. I should also add that on my MTB I have been running hookless wheels for years - I’m talking road use here.

Full Quote added, which I apologise I'd forgotten the international nature of the board meant I needed to signpost my sarcasm a bit more. The point I was (badly) making in run of fairly similarly unhelpful replies to the OP is that to escape the depression and stress of the hookless debate I go out and do some training which is where indirectly the speed benefits are being delivered.

Again, to be clear I mean no offence in the reply above to anyone on any side of the debate, those that have English as a first or second language (my native tongue is Yorkshire, English as a second language).

Right, I'm off to flick my livestrong wristband 100 times as penance, and let you get back to the serious and worthwhile discussion.
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [Duncan74] [ In reply to ]
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I apologise for entirely missing the point that you were trying to make! Fair call.

So to amend my research, there are now three benefits to hookless

1) slightly less weight
2) lower cost
3) the dullness of them and the surrounding debate forces more training directly leading to speed gains
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [DrAlexHarrison] [ In reply to ]
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DrAlexHarrison wrote:
Are hookless more aero?

I will take a stab at this.

Zipp and Enve show their new hookless wheels (zipp 858 and enve 6.7) are faster aerodynamically than their predecessors (hooked 858 and enve 7.8). Actually, Enve shows the 6.7 is "just as fast" as the 7.8.
However both hooked wheels were optimized/designed around 25 mm tires and the hookless versions are designed for 28 mm tires. The hooked 858 had an internal width of 18 mm and the hookless version is 23 mm. Enve 6.7 (hookless) has a internal width of 23 mm and the 7.8 (hooked) is 19 mm. If you just look at zipp's data one might conclude that hookless is faster aerodynamically. But I don't think we are comparing apples to apples. A true test would be to compare wheels that had the same internal width, same depth, same tire, same everything but one wheel being hookless and the other being hooked. Neither of which Zipp and Enve have done so. So is the hookless 858 faster than the hooked version? Yes but I'm not so sure that it's strictly due to being hookless.


https://www.slowtwitch.com/..._Firecrest_8452.html


https://www.slowtwitch.com/..._Triathlon_8334.html




blog
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [stevej] [ In reply to ]
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note that Zipp presents all it's aero data with 25mm tires, including when comparing to previous versions of wheels. Most people will run 28 so I am not sure how valuable this data is.
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [stevej] [ In reply to ]
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stevej wrote:
DrAlexHarrison wrote:

Are hookless more aero?


I will take a stab at this.

Zipp and Enve show their new hookless wheels (zipp 858 and enve 6.7) are faster aerodynamically than their predecessors (hooked 858 and enve 7.8). Actually, Enve shows the 6.7 is "just as fast" as the 7.8.
However both hooked wheels were optimized/designed around 25 mm tires and the hookless versions are designed for 28 mm tires. The hooked 858 had an internal width of 18 mm and the hookless version is 23 mm. Enve 6.7 (hookless) has a internal width of 23 mm and the 7.8 (hooked) is 19 mm. If you just look at zipp's data one might conclude that hookless is faster aerodynamically. But I don't think we are comparing apples to apples. A true test would be to compare wheels that had the same internal width, same depth, same tire, same everything but one wheel being hookless and the other being hooked. Neither of which Zipp and Enve have done so. So is the hookless 858 faster than the hooked version? Yes but I'm not so sure that it's strictly due to being hookless.


https://www.slowtwitch.com/..._Firecrest_8452.html


https://www.slowtwitch.com/..._Triathlon_8334.html

These Zipp tests are interesting but need to be put into the context of the entire system. Hookless has a minimum tire size and a maximum tire pressure. When you get down to road or TT use cases the maximum allowable pressure is less than what would be optimal for rolling resistance (I believe it's ~75psi). Nobody is using 30mm tires in a TT, it's just too much frontal area.

That leaves you with two viable options - Take a loss on aero and get less RR by using a bigger tire at the proper pressure, or take a loss on RR and gain on aero by using a smaller tire at too low of pressure.

Of course you could avoid all this and use the optimal combo of tire size and pressure with hooked rims. It's up to the hookless manufacturers to show that the aero benefit of hookless outweighs the losses of sub-optimal tire and pressure. If they can prove that hookless is faster by a real margin then people will adopt it. 0.1w faster probably isn't going to sell people on the additional risk.

(on a tangent, the 'increased strength' thing is patently ridiculous. You could easily make a hooked rim equally strong by adding a couple layers of CF. Furthermore, I've never seen a wheel fail at the bead unless it's being crashed into a curb, not sure why that area needed to be stronger in the first place)
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Re: Hookless - I Have Questions [mathematics] [ In reply to ]
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mathematics wrote:
stevej wrote:
DrAlexHarrison wrote:

Are hookless more aero?


I will take a stab at this.

Zipp and Enve show their new hookless wheels (zipp 858 and enve 6.7) are faster aerodynamically than their predecessors (hooked 858 and enve 7.8). Actually, Enve shows the 6.7 is "just as fast" as the 7.8.
However both hooked wheels were optimized/designed around 25 mm tires and the hookless versions are designed for 28 mm tires. The hooked 858 had an internal width of 18 mm and the hookless version is 23 mm. Enve 6.7 (hookless) has a internal width of 23 mm and the 7.8 (hooked) is 19 mm. If you just look at zipp's data one might conclude that hookless is faster aerodynamically. But I don't think we are comparing apples to apples. A true test would be to compare wheels that had the same internal width, same depth, same tire, same everything but one wheel being hookless and the other being hooked. Neither of which Zipp and Enve have done so. So is the hookless 858 faster than the hooked version? Yes but I'm not so sure that it's strictly due to being hookless.


https://www.slowtwitch.com/..._Firecrest_8452.html


https://www.slowtwitch.com/..._Triathlon_8334.html

These Zipp tests are interesting but need to be put into the context of the entire system. Hookless has a minimum tire size and a maximum tire pressure. When you get down to road or TT use cases the maximum allowable pressure is less than what would be optimal for rolling resistance (I believe it's ~75psi). Nobody is using 30mm tires in a TT, it's just too much frontal area.

That leaves you with two viable options - Take a loss on aero and get less RR by using a bigger tire at the proper pressure, or take a loss on RR and gain on aero by using a smaller tire at too low of pressure.

Of course you could avoid all this and use the optimal combo of tire size and pressure with hooked rims. It's up to the hookless manufacturers to show that the aero benefit of hookless outweighs the losses of sub-optimal tire and pressure. If they can prove that hookless is faster by a real margin then people will adopt it. 0.1w faster probably isn't going to sell people on the additional risk.

(on a tangent, the 'increased strength' thing is patently ridiculous. You could easily make a hooked rim equally strong by adding a couple layers of CF. Furthermore, I've never seen a wheel fail at the bead unless it's being crashed into a curb, not sure why that area needed to be stronger in the first place)

Fully agree that we have to look at the entire system. I have the same concerns about the hookless pressure limit being too low for optimized pressure on smooth roads. From the other thread, Slowman claims he doesn't think so and mentions that a hookless wheel should be ran at lower pressure than its hooked counterpart assuming everything else is the same (width, tire, etc). After thinking about it, I can start to see why you would run lower pressure on a hookless wheel. But is it low enough to still be under the limit? I'm not sure. We need more testing and data as Marc has mentioned several times.

blog
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