The zone diet explains the insulin response, although that depends on the ratio of easily absorbed carbs versus fiber, protein and fat.
For instance, if you eat pure carbs like a tack of pancakes, or a plate of pasta with tomato sauce or a couple of gels (with no caffeine), you’ll feel a similar reaction in your body.
If you want to slow down the absortion rate to avoid the sugar spike and consequent insulin response, just make sure your meals have some fiber, fat and protein. No need to go nuts and ruin your afternoon pastry with a half can of tuna (!), but just go by this general rule. Also, veggies and fruit are a great source of carbs but have fiber to make them not sleep inducing, quite the contrary.
(Note that the nutrition while on the couch is exactly the opposite of what you want out on the race course, where you opt for 90% carbs and just a tiny part of protein and fat, so that you can absorb the calories fast and get the energy without needing to have a lot of blood diverted to the stomach to digest)
However, you might want to also experiment with amounts. If you eat a huge pile of food (and by your post it looks like you did), your blood will definitely be drawn to the stomach to digest - this is true for any food type. Try eating a huge steak and see what happens. The rule is more food, more digesting effort.
I would suggest that you experiment with smaller amounts of food, like maybe just the bagel with the egg and pb and wait for a bit. If you hit the spot with the amounts and the nutrients, the result should be that you actually feel energized around 20 minutes after eating.
Last, 5pm is a time to be tired and if you let your body be hungry for a couple of hours before you eat and are in active training, what happens is that you come to a sort of bonk, where even if you eat, it’s “too late”, so your body comes to a shut down, digests and then you can revive, but all this can take 3 hours or so… so try maybe having a couple hundred calories around mid afternoon when you feel hungry instead of waiting until you’re famished and have to raid the fridge.
Sorry if I sent you a bible, it’s my topic, so I like to write about it…
Good luck.
Barb