Would they bail the bank out?
Yes (they certainly wouldn’t liquidate it). The thing is, people have become a little too comfortable with what a bank bailout looks like. Just pass some legislation, print some money, and call it a day…
No.
The U.S. properly bailed out and recapitalized its banks. Even at the height of the financial crisis, NPLs never exceeded 2% of all the assets in the U.S. banking system. What a lot of people don’t realize is that Europe actually had a much larger financial crisis at the same time in corporate loans but it was papered over by saying that it was a result of money markets “seizing†due to Lehman. The causality doesn’t really matter as the problem was always there: European banks had lent Dollars to European companies with very poor underwriting and, if it weren’t for dollar supply/liquidity and continued lending to what were(are) zombie corporations an NPL problem would have arisen in Europe sometime around 2009-2012. Lehman caused money markets to seize up and brought that problem forward.
The ECB was lucky that they had a good relationship with the Fed and all they had to do was make a phone call to do over $1trillion in currency swaps (I don’t even remember the final swap number but it was well over $1t). Literally with a phone call Trichet was able to bail out Europe’s entire financial system by flooding it with Dollars.
The problem with that bailout is that nothing changed and, in many ways, behavior patterns were reinforced. By U.S. standards, NPLs in a country like Italy are likely >20%. NPLs throughout Europe are likely greater than 10%… and that’s before you address the “zombie†problem.
The IMF defines a “zombie†company as a company that cannot meet its interest obligations from its operating cash flow for three years. The low estimate I have seen for zombie corporations in Europe is 15%. Some think it’s as high as 40%. The core problem is with how corporate lending is done in Europe. Janis Varoufakis circa 2012 was running around saying that Europe needed to lend more money to Greek corporations because they were employment engines and doing so allowed for household savings. The debt loads of said companies “didn’t matter†in Varoufakis’ eyes (his words) and that pretty much encompasses the European attitude toward lending.
So what does a bailout look like when the fat lady (Deutsche Bank) sings?
Three options:
Option 1: a rolling German bailout. Germany asks the EU to bailout DB. The rest of the EU asks Germany for greater fiscal transfers, Germany refuses and takes on the bailout of DB on its own. The bill is too large to pay at once so Germany recapitalizes DB to the tune of 50-100bil/year for the next decade or two. Simultaneously, DB is forced to curtail lending which stalls Germany’s economy which creates a vicious downward cycle… which in turn curtails it’s ability to subsidize the rest of the EU bringing banking/economic problems elsewhere in the EU to the fore.
Option 2: Germany gets the EU to bail out DB in return for greater fiscal transfers and a recapitalization of the rest of the failing banks in the EU. The combination of taxation and money printing necessary nukes capital formation on the continent causing the Euro to get hammered (below USD parity), import inflation to surge, and economic growth to tank.