Well I’m technically not that short, I’m 5’6" but my legs are longer and my torso shorter than average I guess. I’ve usually ridden a small or 50 frame. I can’t figure out this fit thing!! Thanks!!
For all the bikes, look at the geometry table, and look for “reach.” That’s an indication of how far you’ll reach (stretch your arms.) Shortest on the market is about ± 360. Then look at “stack.” Smaller numbers mean more bent-over. Larger numbers mean more upright. Smallest stack is about ± 490, but you won’t need that.
It’s only an indication, because reach changes as you add more spacers under the stem, and it changes with stems and handlebars. It will let you compare frames though. Changing bars is cheap. Your goal is to be comfortable.
The other numbers in the geometry chart are useful to find out how the bike will handle (bb drop, rake), how your weight balance will be influenced (front center, etc.), but not how the bike will fit.
I’m 5’5", short torso, and a Cervelo 48 (shortest reach on the market) works for me with a normal stem and traditional bars.
I can also ride a Cervelo 51, smallest 700c Felt, Cannondale 48 with “normal” stems.
Specialized gets a bit long, I’d have to get a really short stem.
Some brands have the same reach for the three smallest sizes, all three 2cm longer than competitors.
NOTE: Lower back pain – especially after a few hours – could be an adaption issue. It’s not exclusively a “too much bent over” issue. 3hrs with headwinds you will be pushing and using your glutes. You might need core work.