If you were attempting to break categories of footwear down (without diving into heel-toe drop/ramp angle, weight, midsole heights, etc.), this is where I’d draw the lines (Note: speaking in VERY general terms here…there are exceptions in every category):
Racing
Cut cushioning and stability out for the sake of weight-savings. Road feel and reducing ounces are the primary goals. ex. Asics DS-Racer.
Performance Trainer
A slightly stripped down version of most shoes in the below categories; will typically give a bit more road feel underfoot without sacrificing much in the cushioning or stability departments. ex. Mizuno Wave Precision (performance neutral), New Balance 1190 (performance stability).
Responsive Neutral
more flexible underfoot and through to toe-off. Will typically feature a bit more road feel than the shoes in the next category up. ex. Mizuno Wave Rider
Structured Neutral
Still a neutral shoe; however, will typically either be filled-in and contact with the ground under midfoot, or feature a plastic truss to stiffen the midfoot section of the shoe. ex. Asics Gel-Nimbus, Saucony Triumph
Flat-lasted Neutral
A shoe that is almost constantly in contact with the ground. Filled in underfoot. It is usually a shoe built on a motion-control platform, but without the posting. ex. Brooks Dyad
Blend/Light Stability
This is the first category of stability; as such, it will have the smallest amount of posting available in the stability category. Will take some of the features from a structured neutral shoe, and then add a small dual-density midsole on the medial side. Two classes exist: midfoot blend (Asics 2160/Saucony Guide), and rearfoot blend (Mizuno Wave Inspire/Nike Structure Triax)
Moderate Stability
The principle difference between this and the previous category: the size of the post increases. Cushioning levels also tend to increase slightly to offset the rigid feeling of the medial posting. Ex. Brooks Adrenaline, Asics 3030, Adidas Supernova Sequence
High Stability
Again, a very slight increase in posting. However, this is also where companies tend to focus a ton of cushioning as well, to attempt to justify the stratospheric pricing ($140–very soon the $150 class). Ex. Asics Kayano
Light-duty Motion Control
Remember that Flat-lasted neutral category? Take that shoe, slap more posting than in the high stability category, and you have yourself a motion control shoe. This class has a little bit more flexibility, particularly through the forefoot, for a person with a lighter weight frame that needs a metric ton of stability. Ex. Mizuno Wave Alchemy, Saucony Stabil
Heavy-duty Motion Control
The Clydesdale division of running shoes. Huge posting? Check. Pretty rigid? Check. Heavy as hell? Check. Ex. Brooks Beast/Ariel, New Balance 1012/1240.
So where does that Cortana fit in? I would argue that it hits all the targets of the structured neutral category: pretty well filled in underfoot due to that SRC compound, a TON of cushioning to justify that pricepoint, but no physical medial posting. It’d be right in line with the Triumph in terms of support, which is to say that there technically isn’t any, but due to it being filled in underfoot it helps the foot set-up to be the proper foundation for the rest of your kinetic chain.