You don’t need to use pre-preg. For your purposes there is no way the costs will outweigh the advantages in any sort of objective or logical sense.
Fibre Glast carbon fiber and room-temp cure epoxy + a vacuum bagging system will be more than sufficient.
Not to be a negative nancy, but it truthfully sounds like you are in way over your head on this one…you’ll need to design a mold of some description, and you’ll probably end up laying up this mold with…surprise…fiberglass + epoxy (so having to do this step will already defeat your idea of making something without mixing epoxy). This is really the most difficult part of the process. If you go the plug and mold route, you have to design the part you intend on making and manufacture it out of something else (wood, plastic, metal, foam, etc). Then, you treat the plug (i.e apply really smooth coatings, and finally some mold release film) and lay up your mold materials on top of it. Your mold cures and then you’ll end up needing to post-process it (i.e polish it, fix edges, apply wax and mold release coatings). Then, you lay up your part inside the mold using the carbon fiber, vacuum bag it, and wait.
I’m not trying to burst your bubble, but I’d hate for you to spend a bunch of money on supplies and things only to realize you have no idea what you’re doing.
Here’s what you’ll need:
Carbon cloth
Fiberglass cloth
Epoxy
Special scissors for cutting the fabric without screwing up the loose fabric weave
Peel Ply
Absorbent cotton or flow material
vacuum bagging plastic
clay
mold release film
sprayer for mold release film
vacuum supply (or a high flow compressor plus a venturi system for generating a vacuum). The more powerful the vacuum is, the better your result will be.
pneumatic tubing and fittings for the vacuum tube interface with the vacuum bag
large flat work surface for layup and vacuum bagging–must be very clean–dust, dirt and other contaminants can create voids or surface imperfections in your end product.
Dremel tool (pretty much mandatory for any kind of cutting, mold or part trimming)
Sand paper of all kinds
Bondo
Lots of mixing cups
Lots of tongue depressors or popsicle sticks to stir the epoxy
Plug/Mold-making tools (this is really an entire subcategory of its own–if you draw up a design in CAD and 3d print it, even on the highest resolution you will still not get the kind of quality required to produce near-mirror finish carbon parts. You’ll need to sand it, coat it, etc. Since the tools required are so dependent on exactly how you intend on making the mold I’m not even going to list them. Same deal with the plug. Lots of time needed here. The mold needs to be stiff enough to resist the vacuum forces, but not so stiff as to prevent your part from releasing. Depending on the shape of your tool box and whether you want more than one side to have a cosmetic finish to it, you may need to look into molding halves separately and subsequently joining them.
If you don’t own an autoclave you are ill-equipped to use prepreg anyway. You have to have your mold+part layup inside the vacuum bag inside the autoclave, and I’m not sure you could safely cure the epoxy in a home oven with a vacuum system hooked up. I’m guessing some Macgyver out there has done it, but for home projects you really should be using room temp cure products. It’s way more practical.
The biggest expenses are the vacuum bagging tools. You need a ~$200 compressor (minimum) to do the job, and the venturi is $120 IIRC. The sprayer for the mold release film will run another $75 to $100, and it’s important because a shitty mold release layer will give your part a poor finish, or may prevent it from releasing from your mold at all (really bad news–lots of wasted time).
Working with composites is cool and it’s do-able at home, but I just want you to understand that it really is not as simple as your original post makes it sound like you think it is…