Dude, you have a lot of questions packed into little space! And yes, it does suck, but you WILL get used to it - I’ve lived in Ausin, Nevada, CA bay area and Houston, among others. First suggestion, have you tried searching on houston bike riding on this forum? Several threads over the last couple years on this. If you live in the city, like I do, and not the burbs, then you’re right, it’s a 30-60 minute ride to good riding, depending on where you live in town. If in the burbs, you’ve probably got many more options than you might be aware of.
My favorite loops - one is south of town, can be done on weekend from my door, and includes a “hill”, well, a double overpass with ~5% grade for 1/4 mile, which counts as a hill in these parts. That one is off Belfort south of 610 and east of Main. It can be a series ~7 mile loops with the hill, or continue south all the way to Brazos Bend SP, or to the gulf, if you feel like a really long ride. Like I said, its a weekend morning ride only.
Another starts at Katy HS, ~35 minutes from my garage to parking lot. Head west to Brookshire, then north & west to Bellville for some rollers, or continue north to Hempstead for a mostly flat ride on great roads with wide shoulders and few cars. You’ll see lots of other bikers in this area.
Do the Memorial loop day after day until you think there’s no way you could ride it again, then do it some more. It does kind of grow on you, if you can stand the large packs that inevitably grow, then interfere with your interval work…
I used to get in ~40mi a day commuting, but stopped after I hit another biker who was riding at night without lights on the bike path. AVOID HOUSTON BIKE PATHS AFTER DARK!
BTW, Houston (and environs) drivers are way better than Austin area for bikers, surprising, but its the truth, I’ve experience both over several years.