a sub-4hr solo century is an pretty amazing accomplishment. there are not many people who can do this. its much, much, much harder than a 3hr marathon. it also depends hugely on the course. even a relatively small amount of climbing will make the task even more difficult, ditto for some headwind.
as an aside, i had an interesting email discussion with someone at the UMCA last year about 100 mile records. the UMCA currently lists the 100 mile road record as being held by Dan McGehee, at 4:10:09 (23.99 mph), performed on the Sun Valley Parkway, Phoenix AZ. I pointed out that quite a few triathletes go faster than this in a variety of IM races, and asked whether this made the record somewhat silly. the response was that (a) ironman courses are rarely certified with the same precision (b) its not clear that they are totally draft free (c.f. comments about pace cars/bikes etc) (c) the courses are rarely circular, so even a small amount of wind can affect the average speed up or down. he didn’t actually say what i think is a more important point - doing a solo 100 mile TT is much harder than doing a 100 mile TT race.
anyway, i disagreed with the respondent, mostly noting that i thought it pretty absurd to suggest that these differences could explain someone like stadler being able to ride 112 miles (plus or minus) in 4:18:23. by the end of our conversation, the UMCA official seemed to broadly agree with me and said it would be nice if some of these riders would perform on a certified course. Given that Stadler was in the middle of an IM when he performed at that level, it seems entirely likely that a world class pro peloton rider who trained properly for this could outperform this by quite some margin. they simply have no motivation to do so, it appears.
the gist of all this is that to go sub-4 for 100 miles, you basically need to be a world-class athlete, and doing it solo to just see if you could is even harder than doing it in a race.
The UMCA record is a joke. 100 mile TTs are run regularly in the UK, and the current record is 3:22. No one from the UMCA has any credibility if they defend this record with any seriousness. Some folks criticize UK records as not being legit because they are on open roads and riders get some draft from passing vehicles, but that only goes so far, if you don’t think that 3:22 is possible then you don’t realize just how strong top road cyclists are. I’d guess that anyone that can put in a 40K TT in the low 50s and has decent endurance in long races can break 4 hours with appropriate pacing, nutrition, and a fast course. Breaking four hours for 100 miles is very good but not world class by any means.
It’s tough to compare difficulty of times with a standalone marathon because speed in a long time trial can vary dramatically depending on technology and aerodynamics. I’d probably rate breaking 4 hours as harder than a 3 hour marathon, but not by as much as you might think.
OTOH, averaging 25 mph in an ironman is unquestionably world class, it’s way harder to do this in the middle of an 8-9 hour event that ends in a marathon than as a 4-hour effort.