There’s no reason for insurance companies to be entirely non-profit. But maybe it’s worth tightening the rules where the insurance companies should be getting profit from, as there’re multiple channels / options, see below:
- Main source of insurance income is by using a margin. If your risk is 5% of losing 100 USD, you would pay 10 USD premium and if the risk materialises you get 100 USD payout. This is normal on a large scale because humans are risk averse in general. The margin can be a field of competition between the insurance companies. I have zero problem with this income channel.
- Let’s say insurance companies just create a pool of risk, a portfolio, with no margin. If your risk is the same 5% of losing 100 USD, but you pay only 5 USD premium and if the risk materialises the insurance company pays you out 100 USD. In such a model, the main way to earn money for insurance companies is through investing. They collect the money in t=0, but they need to pay it out later in t=1, giving the company a chance to get an interest on the total fund. Every insurance company does it and I have zero problem with this income channel.
- The problem starts, when insurance companies try to cut costs / payouts. If your risk is the very same 5% of losing 100 USD, you would pay 6 USD premium and if the risk materialises you hope to get 100 USD payout. But the insurance company finds a way to pay you only 50 USD. Sometimes also after a long fight, so extending the time when the insurance company can make money through investing. This is dirty business I don’t approve it myself.
- Insurance companies could also be earning money through data, in a good way (e.g. advising on climate change, advising on flood-risky regions) or in a bad way (e.g. selling data for targeted patients). But I don’t know much about it, so won’t speculate.
Edit: I’m a finance / IT management consultant, so my insurance domain is limited, but I used to consult a top tier re-insurance company for years.

