The TRP CX 9 brakes are a royal PIA because they need to be rebuilt very frequently. 12 months was the maximum I ever managed before a rebuild. The rebuild kit is cheap (https://winstanleysbikes.co.uk/trp-cx9-cx8-4-brake-rebuild-kit?gclid=CjwKCAiAirb_BRBNEiwALHlnD-G-6RVKlCINFILfPsnbMSdSe-W18H2Ypucf0mczW9KzemUJOmy2WxoCc3oQAvD_BwE) but its fiddly, time consuming and only necessary because the design is flawed. Plus the part that fails and needs to be replaces is critical to the brakes and its not something you want to be riding while its broke. Honestly its a garbage product.
Looking at your pictures there are two things I think you need to try. Firstly add spacers to the brake pads to bring they close to the wheel without adjusting the cables. It appears the pads are very far from the front wheel. Then the little screw in the brake is in a surprising position. I would expect it so be further in and this is why the brakes looked took far in a the bottom and too far apart at the top. This is part of the left/right balance mechanism and when its set funny it will make the rest of the system difficult the balance. Honestly this is really fiddly but i would undo the cable, screw in the screws on both sides all the way, move brake spring to the inner most setting and then re-check the system. Adjusting canti’s is a bit like re-truing a wheel. You can spend lots of time making things worse and it can be immensely frustrating.