1a. It seems that button downs are frowned upon? if so why?
Old-fashioned, not “hip”. Honestly, also kind of pointless. The buttons pinch the collar and make it look weird, add an unnecessary step and is just one more button to potentially lose.
1b. if wearing a spread collar is that for a full windsor while a point collar is a half windsor or does it really matter?
Not really.
1c. do different occasions call for spread vs. point?
Not really. The only people that would call you on that are on some fashion show on TLC or something.
2. if the occasion calls for a suit and tie is a full windsor ever inappropriate?
I never do full windsor, I don’t know, it looks like you’re trying to hard in my opinion.
3. Shirts and ties. Are there any rules anymore? I think it used to be that you would never wear a striped shirt with a striped tie but I see this in stores and catalogs all the time. Can I wear patterned ties with stripe shirts?
I have some striped, checked shirts, and solid shirts. Anything can go with a solid shirt. Can obviously also wear a solid tie with either a check or striped shirt. Can also wear a solid colored tie whose fabric has some texture (kind of like a waffle texture) with patterned shirts.
You can potentially wear a striped tie with striped shirt as long as the colors work. I wouldn’t do a striped tie with a checked shirt, checked shirts get solid colored ties in my opinion (or solid ties with texture).
No large patterns on a tie (Christmas trees, tasmanian devils, etc.). Most of my ties are striped, solid or have some small design details (diamond shapes, circles, etc.). But I have a nice triathlete tie my fiance got me, tie is light blue with little swimmers, bikers and runners on it. But the figures are very small and from more than 5 or 10 feet away it just looks like a blue tie with white circles. If they were big figures it would look goofy in a professional setting.