The real answer here is that, of course, as usual, your LBS is trying to rip you off.
Or, you know, trying to save you from hurting yourself. One or the other.
The posts on the thread so far have been kind-of right on. kind of.
How much mileage or time you have on your chain is pretty much irrelevant. The pertinent question is how much it has stretched, and this is easily measurable and a simple question of fact. If your chain is out of spec, it needs to be replaced. How hard you ride, how much you ride, and the conditions you ride in are all variables that effect the condition of your chain, but all that really matters is “has it elongated past the acceptable tolerance level?” I would be pretty surprised if your LBS lead you astray on something as easy to check as this.
If you let your chain elongate past a certain point, you will cause damage to your cassette, and sometimes the chainrings. This damage may not be readily apparent to you, but at a certain level of chain elongation it is almost inevitable. The cog will deform to match the spacing of the rollers on your elongated chain.
You may not notice that this has occurred, and to all outward appearances everything will be fine until one day you stand up on the pedals, you push down hard, your chain skips, and you lose teeth (the, uhm, kind that you have in your mouth. Not the ones on the chainring. But, well, those too, actually…) Or, you know, go over the bars and die or something.
This is also why a good bike shop will recommend replacing the cassette at a certain measured level of chain elongation. It just happens to be good, solid, practical, conservative advice.
Same-ish scenario. You replace the chain, leave the deformed cassette, all is good for a couple of weeks, then you stand up on the pedals, chain skips, you lose teeth. Sure, maybe you can save some $ and get away with just replacing the chain. You may even get lucky and never have a problem; but if you have worked on bikes long enough, you have seen someone try this, have it work fine for a week or so, and then walk back into the shop with a split lip. Or worse. I had a customer wind up in a halo for six months this way - but, hey - they saved fifty bucks on a new cassette.
The Local Bike Shop can’t afford to kill off it’s customers, or worse, get sued by them. That’s why they risk pissing off cheapskates by offering them good advice that sounds like a scam to people who don’t know what they are talking about, generally aren’t interested in hearing an explanation, and refuse to believe that anything they are told is true unless and until it has been vetted by the idiot squad on RBR.
Thankfully, most of the chuckleheads in the tin-foil conspiracy caps simply shop on line now, and only waddle in - resplendent in bandages - when the thing that used to be their bike is largely reduced to a pile of parts. While they fondle their ironic moustaches, we explain to them why that BB lockring isn’t a cog lock ring, or that perhaps if they had actually replaced that chain they wouldn’t have needed to max out their girlfriend’s Visa card paying medical bills…
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