amaing picture…it sounds like a good pair of trail runners might work best…thanks everyone for all this great info
I just wanted to make sure you understand what can happen if you don’t pump your water correctly. The outcome can take months to recover from. My oldest Brother made sure that we did it correctly. Mkae sure you get educated on this most important fact. Your health is #1 don’t take shortcuts that can lead to serious problems in the future:
Also watch out for the rock rats! They will wreck your day.
Water Pathogens Waterborne pathogens are microorganisms living in water capable of causing human disease. These pathogens can be classified as bacteria, viruses or protozoan parasites. Every sizable water body in the field environment contains waterborne pathogens. They are either present in the water naturally or after being excreted from infected persons or animals. Persons drinking untreated water or even coming into contact (i.e., swimming, bathing) with contaminated water are at a risk of infection. To cause disease, the number of pathogens entering the body needs to be large enough to overcome the body’s defense mechanisms. Viruses and protozoa only need to enter the body in small numbers to cause infection, typically from a single, up to a few hundred organisms. Bacterial pathogens tend to require larger doses to cause infection. The goal of water treatment, therefore, is to reduce the number of active pathogens to a safe (non-infectious) level.
Bacteria are ubiquitous on the earth. They are small and vary in size from 0.1 to 10 microns (a micron is one millionth of a meter; a typical human hair is about 80 microns wide). Once entering the body, bacteria may need a few hours (such as cyanobacteria) to days (such as legionella) to multiply and reach levels required to cause illness. Some of the common waterborne bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhi, and Vibrio cholerae, have caused numerous waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Human sewage is the major source for Escherichia coli (E. coli) in contaminated waters and is a common cause of “traveler’s diarrhea”. Outbreaks associated with Salmonella involve both drinking water and recreational water. Salmonella typhi causes an enteric fever, typhoid fever, which was the top cause of waterborne disease, in terms of number of outbreaks in the United States, before 1970. Vibrio cholerae causes a serious and acute intestinal disease called cholera. Although cholera is rare in the United States, it is still common in the other parts of the world. Cholera is a serious and acute intestinal disease. Death may occur within 2 to 24 hours of onset of symptoms unless early diagnosis and treatment is administered.
The contamination of surface water by enteric viruses appears to be ubiquitous. The typical size of viruses is between 0.04 and 0.1 micron, which is much smaller than bacteria. More than 140 different enteric viruses are known to infect humans, including hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus, and enterovirus. Symptoms may occur between 1 day and several weeks after viruses enter the body. HAV is one of the most frequently reported vaccine-preventable diseases in the United State and other countries. The infectious hepatitis virus is transmitted in fecally contaminated water and food. Rotavirus is thought to be another primary cause of traveler’s diarrhea, and has been detected in fresh water and sewage. Enteroviruses cause a wide variety of illnesses, ranging from polio to the common cold. Polio is also a very serious disease, which can lead to paralysis or even death.
Protozoan parasites are small microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. Protozoa cells generally range in size from about 1 to 300 microns. Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are the two of greatest concern in drinking water and can be found worldwide. Cryptosporidium parvum was the culprit of the largest waterborne outbreak ever reported in the United States, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1993, in which Cryptosporidium caused an estimated 403,000 cases of watery diarrhea and 50 deaths. The transmissible stage of Cryptosporidium parvum is a thick-walled egg, called oocyst, 4 to 6 microns in size. The wall of an oocyst provides a protective layer allowing the parasite to live for extended periods of time outside the body and enhances its resistance to disinfectants. Transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum occurs mainly through contact with contaminated water (e.g., drinking or recreational water). Giardia lamblia infects humans and numerous animals, including cats, dogs, beavers, and muskrats. Giardia infection is a concern for people swimming in or drinking from contaminated streams or lakes. Giardia cycsts are about 10 microns in size. They too survive for long periods outside the body. Cold temperatures enhance their survival in water. For example, the cold environment in mountain streams may allow cysts to remain viable for up to 2 months.
For updated and detail information about waterborne pathogens, please visit the following links to the Center for Disease Control: bacterial diseases:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/index.htm viral diseases:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/rotavirus.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis Cryptosporidium parvum:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/cryptosporidiosis/default.htm Giardia lamblia:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/giardiasis/factsht_giardia.htm