Style is subjective, so I'll stay away from that.
For shorts, I like a two layer approach. Wear whatever bibs or shorts you want. Then a liner shell. The shell protects your expensive roadie bibs and gives another sliding layer because you should be moving around a lot on your saddle. You don't have to go crazy with shells. I like the
Pearl Izumi Summit shell for MTB. To me, PI really hits a good performance vs. money ratio. A lot of the crossfit type shorts work well too. They aren't too baggy and most are made with durable fabric and enough stretch built in. An
unlined Helix II with whatever inseam length you want can be yours for $34 USD right now. I can tell you they work really well and are extremely similar to the MTB specific shorts you're paying way more for. My Pixel XL in a small case fits in the zippered side pocket if you like keeping your phone close. Nobody has to know you're wearing your $250 Raphlociostelli shorts underneath and you don't have to worry about messing them up with a shell short you can also use at the gym.
Tops might depend on where you live and your climate. There's no rules and it's hard to go too casual. If you are using a hydration pack instead of bottles, you can basically wear whatever the weather allows. I live on the IL/WI border and cotton is miserable in the warm months, but would probably be fine in low humidity areas. Polyester based flannels are really, really common here unless it's too warm. Polyester based short sleeves that are somewhat loose fitting typically fill in for the summer months. If you want to go bike specific and very breathable, more bike brands are getting into stuff like this
mesh button up shirt from Pearl Izumi. Outdoor stores have similar types of shirts for fishing, camping, hiking, etc that don't overheat and dry quickly. MTB always feels 10-15 degrees warmer than road biking so I tend to find cooling more of an issue than staying warm for half the year.
Full finger gloves are highly desirable. Padding is not too common, but it's whatever your preference is. Work gloves from the hardware store are great too. The original Mechanix work gloves have been popular MTB gloves for a long time.
I'm a large knee pad advocate, especially for newer riders and/or runners. I have ridden MTB for many years and rarely ride without them now. Smacking your knee once can keep you away from running for weeks. I think there's a little mental security while wearing them too that you may be willing to push yourself and expand your skill set slightly. Elbow pads are pretty rare around here, but are probably next in the hierarchy after helmet, gloves, and knee pads. If you're concerned about what you're wearing to ride bikes, it's very rare somebody would wear knee pads without 'baggy' shell-type shorts over them.
I like hydration packs more than bottles most of the time. It's a lot quicker and safer to put the hose in your mouth than try to drink from a bottle. Osprey tends to be more popular than Camelback in the MTB realm. There's other good brands as well. The Osprey Raptor 10 is about as big as I can imagine needing for a single day. Their Katari series is nice for fast and light. I have the Katari 1.5 for races that aren't too long and the Raptor 10 for everything else. I have tried the hip packs, but anything bigger than a single bottle is a bit bulky for me and all I'm doing is using it to hold the bottle not in my frame's bottle cage, not to actively drink from. The Bontrager Rapid is my favorite of the few hip packs I have used.
Helmets are a personal thing. MTB specific helmets have gotten pretty good and a little more coverage on the sides and lower part of your head is very welcome with rocks, roots and trees all over. Since you're moving around so much on your bike, it really helps to go somewhere you can try helmets on. If you can shake your head around a bit with the helmet on, but unstrapped, and it moves with you instead of rattling around, that's a good fit. A helmet that doesn't fit great becomes noticeable real quickly on a MTB.
Socks are whatever you want. Ankle socks are not very common. The socks you would wear at 50 degrees on the road is what you would probably wear for 40 degrees on the MTB.
Lots of people are still hitting the trail in pure road gear, so don't feel pressured to buy a bunch of new stuff though.