Presented the other day at ACSM...sorry for the poor formatting of the table.
Presentation Number:
1294
Title:
The Impact of 10 weeks of Independent Cycle Crank use on Cycle Performance
Presentation Start:
5/28/2008 11:00:00 AM
Presentation End:
5/28/2008 12:30:00 PM
Topical Category:
103 endurance training
Authors:
Robert M. Otto, FACSM, Laura Walsh, Jessica Marra, Christopher Kushner, Alicia Diaz, Carolyn Richardson, John W. Wygand. Adelphi University, Garden City, NY.
Email: otto@adelphi.edu
Improvements in cycle performance may be a result of enhanced efficiency and/or a greater power output. Cyclists strive to achieve both by over-distance training, high intensity training, and specific cycle drills. Special products that claim to improve performance by offering improved aerodynamics, reduced total cycle mass, better force transfer to the crank, or providing biomechanical feedback rely on a paucity of research.
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of ten weeks of using independent cycle cranks (ICC) on cycling performance as measured by oxygen efficiency (OxE), time trial performance (TT), and body composition (BC).
Methods: After a medical/health screening, thirty triathletes (16 male, 14 female) (age 43.2 [range 25-54 yr], ht 176 [range 160-188 cm], and body mass 73.3 [range 54.3-97.7.5 kg]), participated in familiarization trials including DEXA scan, electronic cycle ergometer based steady state OxE trial and a time trial. Identical testing was performed during the familiarization trial, pre-test (within one week) and the post-test (ten weeks later). After the pre-test trial, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups (C = control, 90 = 90 min/wk and 180 = min/wk). For ten weeks all subjects exercised (swim, cycle, run) a minimum of eight hours per week. All groups cycled a minimum of three hours/week with C in fixed cranks, 90 for 90 min fixed and 90 min ICC, and 180 for 180 min ICC. Results:
C pre
C post
90 pre
90 post
180 pre
180 post
OxE (mLO2/watt)
.272
.250
.273
.241
.296
.279
TT(min)
30.9
30.8
30.8
29.2
35.5
35.5
Body Mass (kg)
71.8
69.2
80.1
79.3
70.1
70.1
Lean Body Mass (kg)
57.8
56.9
67.0
66.3
57.0
56.5
Statistical analysis by ANOVA (P<.05) reveals no significant difference among or between trials.
Conclusion: The use of independent cycle crank arms for a maximum of 30 hours within ten weeks, requires the user to apply force independent of crank position, but does not result in quantifiable changes in cycle efficiency or performance.
Title:
The Impact of 10 weeks of Independent Cycle Crank use on Run Performance
Presentation Start:
5/28/2008 11:00:00 AM
Presentation End:
5/28/2008 12:30:00 PM
Topical Category:
103 endurance training
Authors:
Alicia Diaz, Robert M. Otto, FACSM, Christopher Kushner, Jessica Marra, Laura Walsh, Carolyn Richardson, John W. Wygand. Adelphi University, Garden City, NY.
Email: wygand@adelphi.edu
Enhanced endurance run performance is usually associated with improved aerobic power and run efficiency resulting from high intensity, tempo, interval, and/or long slow distance run training. However improvement in run performance has been reported in triathletes from cycle training, despite the contradiction to principles of specificity.
Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the effect of ten weeks of independent cycle crank (ICC) training on run performance as measured by oxygen efficiency (OxE), time trial performance (TT), and leg strength
Methods: After a medical/health screening, thirty triathletes (16 male, 14 female) (age 43.2 [range 25-54 yr], ht 176 [range 160-188 cm], and body mass 73.3 [range 54.3-97.7.5 kg]), participated in familiarization trials including leg strength (LE [leg extension], LF [leg flexion]), and treadmill based steady state OxE (mLO2/kg-meter) trial and a 5 K time trial. Identical testing was performed during the familiarization trial, pre-test (within one week) and the post-test (ten weeks later). After the pre-test trial, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups (C = control, 90 = 90 min/wk and 180 = min/wk). For ten weeks all subjects exercised (swim, cycle, run) a minimum of eight hours each week. All groups ran a minimum of 2.5 hours/week at low-moderate intensity (<75% HRR) and cycled a minimum of three hours/week with C in fixed cranks, 90 for 90 min fixed and 90 min ICC, and 180 for 180 min ICC. Results: Changes of -3.8%, -6.2%,and -0.8% in OxE, -4.0%, -5.3%, and -0.4% in TT, 7.1%, 8.8%, and 3.2% for LE, and 5.4%, 6.5%, and 5.5%, were evident for the C, 90 and180 groups, respectively. Statistical analysis by ANOVA (P<.05) reveals no significant difference among groups or pre-post changes within groups, except group 90 significantly improved run efficiency (OxE).
Conclusion: Ten weeks of winter time, base training for seasoned triathletes reveals subtle changes that for the most part are not statistically significant. Although self report indicates perceived improvement, the principle of specificity is upheld with little influence of independent cycle crank arm use on run or strength performance.
Presentation Number:
1294
Title:
The Impact of 10 weeks of Independent Cycle Crank use on Cycle Performance
Presentation Start:
5/28/2008 11:00:00 AM
Presentation End:
5/28/2008 12:30:00 PM
Topical Category:
103 endurance training
Authors:
Robert M. Otto, FACSM, Laura Walsh, Jessica Marra, Christopher Kushner, Alicia Diaz, Carolyn Richardson, John W. Wygand. Adelphi University, Garden City, NY.
Email: otto@adelphi.edu
Improvements in cycle performance may be a result of enhanced efficiency and/or a greater power output. Cyclists strive to achieve both by over-distance training, high intensity training, and specific cycle drills. Special products that claim to improve performance by offering improved aerodynamics, reduced total cycle mass, better force transfer to the crank, or providing biomechanical feedback rely on a paucity of research.
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of ten weeks of using independent cycle cranks (ICC) on cycling performance as measured by oxygen efficiency (OxE), time trial performance (TT), and body composition (BC).
Methods: After a medical/health screening, thirty triathletes (16 male, 14 female) (age 43.2 [range 25-54 yr], ht 176 [range 160-188 cm], and body mass 73.3 [range 54.3-97.7.5 kg]), participated in familiarization trials including DEXA scan, electronic cycle ergometer based steady state OxE trial and a time trial. Identical testing was performed during the familiarization trial, pre-test (within one week) and the post-test (ten weeks later). After the pre-test trial, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups (C = control, 90 = 90 min/wk and 180 = min/wk). For ten weeks all subjects exercised (swim, cycle, run) a minimum of eight hours per week. All groups cycled a minimum of three hours/week with C in fixed cranks, 90 for 90 min fixed and 90 min ICC, and 180 for 180 min ICC. Results:
C pre
C post
90 pre
90 post
180 pre
180 post
OxE (mLO2/watt)
.272
.250
.273
.241
.296
.279
TT(min)
30.9
30.8
30.8
29.2
35.5
35.5
Body Mass (kg)
71.8
69.2
80.1
79.3
70.1
70.1
Lean Body Mass (kg)
57.8
56.9
67.0
66.3
57.0
56.5
Statistical analysis by ANOVA (P<.05) reveals no significant difference among or between trials.
Conclusion: The use of independent cycle crank arms for a maximum of 30 hours within ten weeks, requires the user to apply force independent of crank position, but does not result in quantifiable changes in cycle efficiency or performance.
Title:
The Impact of 10 weeks of Independent Cycle Crank use on Run Performance
Presentation Start:
5/28/2008 11:00:00 AM
Presentation End:
5/28/2008 12:30:00 PM
Topical Category:
103 endurance training
Authors:
Alicia Diaz, Robert M. Otto, FACSM, Christopher Kushner, Jessica Marra, Laura Walsh, Carolyn Richardson, John W. Wygand. Adelphi University, Garden City, NY.
Email: wygand@adelphi.edu
Enhanced endurance run performance is usually associated with improved aerobic power and run efficiency resulting from high intensity, tempo, interval, and/or long slow distance run training. However improvement in run performance has been reported in triathletes from cycle training, despite the contradiction to principles of specificity.
Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the effect of ten weeks of independent cycle crank (ICC) training on run performance as measured by oxygen efficiency (OxE), time trial performance (TT), and leg strength
Methods: After a medical/health screening, thirty triathletes (16 male, 14 female) (age 43.2 [range 25-54 yr], ht 176 [range 160-188 cm], and body mass 73.3 [range 54.3-97.7.5 kg]), participated in familiarization trials including leg strength (LE [leg extension], LF [leg flexion]), and treadmill based steady state OxE (mLO2/kg-meter) trial and a 5 K time trial. Identical testing was performed during the familiarization trial, pre-test (within one week) and the post-test (ten weeks later). After the pre-test trial, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups (C = control, 90 = 90 min/wk and 180 = min/wk). For ten weeks all subjects exercised (swim, cycle, run) a minimum of eight hours each week. All groups ran a minimum of 2.5 hours/week at low-moderate intensity (<75% HRR) and cycled a minimum of three hours/week with C in fixed cranks, 90 for 90 min fixed and 90 min ICC, and 180 for 180 min ICC. Results: Changes of -3.8%, -6.2%,and -0.8% in OxE, -4.0%, -5.3%, and -0.4% in TT, 7.1%, 8.8%, and 3.2% for LE, and 5.4%, 6.5%, and 5.5%, were evident for the C, 90 and180 groups, respectively. Statistical analysis by ANOVA (P<.05) reveals no significant difference among groups or pre-post changes within groups, except group 90 significantly improved run efficiency (OxE).
Conclusion: Ten weeks of winter time, base training for seasoned triathletes reveals subtle changes that for the most part are not statistically significant. Although self report indicates perceived improvement, the principle of specificity is upheld with little influence of independent cycle crank arm use on run or strength performance.