Yes, in theory.

First of all it requires that you have a Garmin head unit that is capable of FE-C trainer control (i.e. only the Edge 520, 820 and 1000, I believe) and secondly you have to get the workouts on there, either day-by-day using the TrainingPeaks Connect IQ app, or do a manual bulk loading of them.

How well the Edge unit works in executing these workouts I can't say because I haven't tried it myself, but here's a thread that shows some of the difficulties involved. I know when importing a TrainingPeaks-built workout file onto my Garmin (either manually or through the app) the target Wattage you set in the TP workout builder will be converted from a point value (e.g. 200W) to a rather broad range (e.g. 180-220W) because that's how the Garmin's handle workout targets; I'm not sure how that would work with trying to control a trainer through ANT+ FE-C.

Call me cynical, but I'd be surprised if it works as well as you'd want it to...