The one-sided calluses are a result of slightly uneven body geometry. Your body is talking to you; you should listen and attempt to even out your posture while cycling ;-)

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DFL > DNF > DNS

Would love to.. 'How' is the question :)

Have you ruled out gout?

I'm no expert, but it doesn't seem likely, based on the pain flaring up only during cycling, and then diminishes afterwards. No attack or sharpness to the pain. I also apparently am low risk for gout, given that I am skinny, don't drink, nor eat meat (from WebMD). But thanks for the idea, and I will keep it in mind in case I am wrong and am not able to solve it by some adjustments on the bike.

Btw, I have just installed some of the cleat wedges on my shoe and will test it out and see how it goes. In the instructions, it has you kneel on a chair with your feet hanging off the end, and then you hold a straight edge up to the balls of your feet. You then observe the angle your foot makes (basically, how far angled sideways the foot is). On the troublesome foot, it is much less angled than the other. On this leg I have had ACL reconstruction, and they removed a hamstring ligament. So I could see how the biomechanics of this leg/foot may be a bit different...