wow, there's a lot of questions in there. too bad about the puking. what do you think caused it? too much intake?
Your quest for information seems to span three issues, making discussions exponentially more complicated. there's hydration (hydro = water), electolyte supplementation and (i assume) carbohydrate injestion.
For the carbohydrate injestion i'd suggest you check out this site for some good info. http://www.ultrarunning.com/ultra/9/index.shtml
For electrolytes and hydration i think the Hammer Nutrition knowledge site is pretty informative http://www.hammernutrition.com/knowledge/
but i would temper it with some other views like:
http://web.mac.com/...uring%20Exercise.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148567 ;
http://bjsm.bmj.com/....2010.075697.extract

armed with that the most important and really only definitive way to figure it out is trial and error. you have a good start on that because you now know one method that does not work. Be sure to review what you did and (i'd suggest) begin to keep a journal. relying on memory is a bad way to use the trial and error approach.

good luck


The story goes that "Thomas Edison failed more than 1,000 times when
trying to create the light bulb". (The story is often told as 5,000
or 10,000 times depending on the version.) When asked about it,
Edison allegedly said, "I have not failed 1,000 times. I have
successfully discovered 1,000 ways to NOT make a light bulb."

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"Competetive sport begins where healthy sport ends"

there is the question of - are you over thinking this?

most people can drink when they are thirsty, eat when they are hungry, and are fine.

now, as humans get older the thirst reflex can stop working properly, so maybe you do need to overthink this.

how much water I need to take in, over say 50 miles can vary from 0 to 4 or 5 bottles depending on the heat and effort levels, so there is really no rule of thumb you can use for this.

How much did you drink, what did you eat? How hot was it? How much do you weight? If you threw up that tends to make me think you drank too much for sure.

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Kat Hunter reports on the San Dimas Stage Race from inside the GC winning team
Aeroweenie.com -Compendium of Aero Data and Knowledge
Freelance sports & outdoors writer Kathryn Hunter

Hop on the scale before and after your ride to help gauge where your fluid intake is

and don't try to weigh the same after!
you *should* lose a few pounds.

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Kat Hunter reports on the San Dimas Stage Race from inside the GC winning team
Aeroweenie.com -Compendium of Aero Data and Knowledge
Freelance sports & outdoors writer Kathryn Hunter

I drank about 55-65 oz in the firat 40 miles, had 300 calories. Stopped then for a soda(another 200 cal), refilled bottles with ice. Drank another 50- 60 oz the last 25 miles in which my stomach stopped working. It was 93 degrees and my effort was the "usual". Had carbo-pro in the bottles and ate 1/2 of an "uncrustable". My weight is too high(169) but improving.