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180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances?

 

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Chris Athey

Apr 16, 12 19:14

Post #26 of 43 (1379 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [npage148] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

npage148 wrote:
Those are some broad statements

Have to agree. But this is an intense debate for most runners. I don't know what the true answer is. I can say it depends on body types however. Taller individuals will have a hard time running 180.

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Joe M

Apr 16, 12 22:22

Post #27 of 43 (1360 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [steelerguy] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

I can run at a slower than 180 cadence without braking... in fact, when I was evaluated at the Boulder Sports Med. Clinic... my form was good and my pace wasn't no where near 180... in fact, at that cadence my aerobic efficiency decreased... that could be because my fitness level wasn't up to that sort of cadence... or ....it could because it is just not the most efficient cadence for the longer distances. Tough call to determine which is the cause - fitness level or simply not the optimal cadence. I can keep a good form at each cadence pace 180 or 160-ish... but, I am no where near as capable to run longer distances at 180 at a lower average heart rate per mile resulting in not only a slower time but slower recovery and loss of form because of fatique.

I don't believe your assumption that cadence alone improves running efficiency is accurate (assuming that I read your post correctly). In fact, I am not certain it has as much to do with good form at all when you consider other elements that make running form more efficient... such as, the fatigue vs. form relationship. IF your cadence is too high your form can begin to breakdown sooner and so much for all the benefits cadence will help once the form breaks down. As a result, it would make sense to me that cadence relative to the fatigue factor would make a much better combination of elements to maintain as efficient form as possible for you AND the distance you are running.

My thoughts are... optimal cadence doesn't exist in a vacuum... and, this is especially true for the mid to back of back runner. And... since efficiency of effort is THE key element of Ironman distance triathlons.... the best cadence can be any rate that gets you to the finish line with the least amount of effort for each foot you travel forward. And... efficient running is both form AND cadence dependent where fatigue is the culprit that makes form and/or cadence break down. Same can be said for training... if not more so... because training for ultra distance requires the ability to repeat training sessions. Therefore, avoiding excess fatigue goes a long way to achieving better results in maintaining form... less can be said about cadence if your form is as good at a lower cadence.

Cadence might be one of those chicken or the egg situations...or.... cart in front of the horse situations... take your pick.


runner-x

Apr 17, 12 7:01

Post #28 of 43 (1333 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [Joe M] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

For what it is worth, my wife and I have trained at high levels as runners, training daily, side by side with some Olympian/World Championship level runners. We never talked about stride rate, nor did our coaches. I find it oddly curious that these talks come up from time to time on letsrun and now on here.

My advice is to get out the door and put the training in. I really feel like worrying about stride rate is a big waste of time.
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Devlin

Apr 17, 12 8:11

Post #29 of 43 (1322 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [runner-x] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

runner-x wrote:
For what it is worth, my wife and I have trained at high levels as runners, training daily, side by side with some Olympian/World Championship level runners. We never talked about stride rate, nor did our coaches. I find it oddly curious that these talks come up from time to time on letsrun and now on here.

My advice is to get out the door and put the training in. I really feel like worrying about stride rate is a big waste of time.

This, right here. The vast majority of runners will self select the optimal stride length/cadence for their current fitness level without even thinking about it.

John


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steelerguy

Apr 17, 12 13:22

Post #30 of 43 (1268 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [Joe M] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

Joe M wrote:
I don't believe your assumption that cadence alone improves running efficiency is accurate (assuming that I read your post correctly).


I don't believe increasing your cadence alone, improves efficiency but I think it is a good start and I think it will speed you up. Too many people, especially MOP and BOP runners over stride, a higher cadence can help (doesn't necessarily solve) over striding.

I have not actually counted the strides of many other people, but those that I have are generally running 8-10 min/miles at 160ish cadence. If they increase their turnover, while slightly shortening their stride (hopefully the over striding part if they do that) then they will go faster and usually without a big increase in HR.

I don't think 180 is a magical number or anything and I am not trying to advocate it, but most MOP and BOP running are well under it and even under 150. They may be efficient as hell, but in a race, most people also want to have some speed. If it were all about efficiency and low heart rate (plus injury prevention) you might as well walk. I agree as you get taller (or have longer legs really) it gets a bit harder to hold a higher pace...but I am 6'5" and at 5K pace (~5:45) I am at about 185 strides a minute. At marathon pace (~7:00) I am around 175-178. These are just my stride rates and they work for me, but I don't think there is any way I would be able to hold those paces if I was in the 150-160 range.

Also not so sure that people will just self select what is best for them. They will select what feels best, but that doesn't always mean it is the best. Lots of people swim, bike, and run with little hitches that feel right but end up causing injuries.



Devlin

Apr 17, 12 14:00

Post #31 of 43 (1249 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [steelerguy] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

steelerguy wrote:
Joe M wrote:
I don't believe your assumption that cadence alone improves running efficiency is accurate (assuming that I read your post correctly).


I don't believe increasing your cadence alone, improves efficiency but I think it is a good start and I think it will speed you up. Too many people, especially MOP and BOP runners over stride, a higher cadence can help (doesn't necessarily solve) over striding.

Where is your basis for this? Other than "They run slower and have slower cadence, so if they have faster cadence they will run faster." You are still painting with way too wide a brush.

Quote:
I have not actually counted the strides of many other people, but those that I have are generally running 8-10 min/miles at 160ish cadence. If they increase their turnover, while slightly shortening their stride (hopefully the over striding part if they do that) then they will go faster and usually without a big increase in HR.

So...wild ass guess from a limited sampling. Got it.

Quote:
I don't think 180 is a magical number or anything and I am not trying to advocate it, but most MOP and BOP running are well under it and even under 150. They may be efficient as hell, but in a race, most people also want to have some speed. If it were all about efficiency and low heart rate (plus injury prevention) you might as well walk. I agree as you get taller (or have longer legs really) it gets a bit harder to hold a higher pace...but I am 6'5" and at 5K pace (~5:45) I am at about 185 strides a minute. At marathon pace (~7:00) I am around 175-178. These are just my stride rates and they work for me, but I don't think there is any way I would be able to hold those paces if I was in the 150-160 range.

Also not so sure that people will just self select what is best for them. They will select what feels best, but that doesn't always mean it is the best. Lots of people swim, bike, and run with little hitches that feel right but end up causing injuries.

Here's a thought: People at the BOP and MOP levels (for the most part) aren't putting in the miles and specific enough training to support running at a faster pace/cadence. And lots of people do exercise with hitches that cause injury, but many many more don't get injured. That's a gross generalization.

I'm not saying that if they were at a cadence of 180 (or whatever pivot point you assign) they wouldn't be running faster, but arbitrarily forcing 180 cadence on someone and telling them they have to be at that is more of a recipe for injury than anything, because they are going to be altering their stride length and pattern to achieve it. If you tell them to run their 9 minute miles, but every 10 minutes to run 1 minute at an 8 minute pace, they aren't going to suddenly be bounding with greater strides, they are going to increase their cadence to achieve this. If they are at 140 cadence for 9 minute miles, they might be at 150 cadence for 8 minute miles. As they get fitter and faster, now their average pace is 8 minute miles, and average cadence 150. They haven't done anything specific to achieve this, they've just gotten fitter.

As they get fitter and faster, their cadence will naturally start increasing as their training allows it. This is what I mean when I say people generally pick the stride length and cadence that is appropriate for their fitness level. Will you get outliers that don't? Sure. But the majority will self select quite successfully. The rest, well, that's where coaches make their money.

John


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steelerguy

Apr 17, 12 15:26

Post #32 of 43 (1230 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [Devlin] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

Quote:
Where is your basis for this? Other than "They run slower and have slower cadence, so if they have faster cadence they will run faster." You are still painting with way too wide a brush.


Two things can make you run faster, an increased stride rate or an increased stride length. If you increase your stride rate you will run faster. A person generally can't just increase their cadence without shortening their stride a bit, the first part I have seen go is the part happening way out in front of your body.

Quote:
So...wild ass guess from a limited sampling. Got it.


No, not a wild ass guess...what I have seen from a limited sample.

Quote:
Here's a thought: People at the BOP and MOP levels (for the most part) aren't putting in the miles and specific enough training to support running at a faster pace/cadence.

Sounds like what you would term "a wild ass guess".

Quote:
arbitrarily forcing 180 cadence on someone and telling them they have to be at that is more of a recipe for injury than anything

Sounds like another wild ass guess and certainly nothing I advocated.

Quote:
If you tell them to run their 9 minute miles, but every 10 minutes to run 1 minute at an 8 minute pace, they aren't going to suddenly be bounding with greater strides, they are going to increase their cadence to achieve this. If they are at 140 cadence for 9 minute miles, they might be at 150 cadence for 8 minute miles. As they get fitter and faster, now their average pace is 8 minute miles, and average cadence 150. They haven't done anything specific to achieve this, they've just gotten fitter

Did they get fitter? No where did you say they should increase their mileage or time spent running. You are advocating running intervals at a faster pace because they will be running at a higher cadence. Wait...isn't that what I was saying, increasing your cadence will cause you to run faster? You are saying a person should run faster so their cadence increases. I am saying people should increase their cadence so they run faster. More importantly, I was directing my comments to the OP who said he was a runner for 25 years and an IM athlete. I guess I made a wild ass guess that he had been putting in some miles and time, he just wasn't sure if he should jump to a 180 cadence. I thought it would benefit him, and others in his situation, to increase it from his current 150-160.

Regardless, it seems this is turning into a pissing match and not really contributing much to the OPs question.


Devlin

Apr 17, 12 15:40

Post #33 of 43 (1222 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [steelerguy] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

steelerguy wrote:
You are advocating running intervals at a faster pace because they will be running at a higher cadence. Wait...isn't that what I was saying, increasing your cadence will cause you to run faster? You are saying a person should run faster so their cadence increases. I am saying people should increase their cadence so they run faster.

I'm not saying for them to increase their cadence arbitrarily, which is what you seem to be advocating. I'm saying that by running faster as they get fitter, their cadence will naturally get faster. I don't care what cadence someone is running. I care about their times. If I simply look at someone that is running 9 minute miles at a 150 cadence, and say "You need to run 180 cadence and you'll be faster", they are going to go out and instead of just running, they are going to be artificially chopping their stride and doing all kinds of funky things to be at that mystical 180. Rather than focus on cadence, I choose to focus on the WHAT, rather than the HOW, and let the how sort itself out. Very rarely in running/biking (unlike swimming) is the limiter going to be how.

Will arbitrarily increasing cadence work for a few? Sure. The same way that spaghetti thrown against the wall will have a few stick.

As far as helping the OP, I think it is. It's the same shift in thinking that needs to happen from people that concentrate on strokes/length in a pool rather than distance/stroke. If you concentrate on one, then you hack up your stroke/run to fit the magic number, instead of increasing fitness/speed through better workouts (Or in the case of swimming, better form). If after 25 years of training the OP is a mid/back pack runner, then one of two things is true: 1-He's not doing the correct types of workouts to be a faster runner or 2- He's reached his potential as a runner. In either case, arbitrarily increasing his cadence by 20-30 isn't going to help unless he's one of the strands still stuck to the wall.

John


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CJMcTri

Apr 17, 12 18:52

Post #34 of 43 (1200 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [steelerguy] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

steelerguy wrote:
I think increasing your cadence is one of the most important things a mid to back of the pack runner can do.

This has certainly been my experience. Shortening my stride and increasing my turnover has made a huge difference in my speed, fatigue level, and recovery time. I used to say hey, I've got long legs so I take long strides, but it turns out that was making my quads work way too hard, and the resulting fatigue made it impossible to sustain what little speed I had. Then I thought hey, taking more steps, isn't that going to take more energy and make me more tired? Nope. Both defensive rationalizations were wrong. I can run faster, longer, and more frequently since changing my stride and going from 156 to 172 spm (measured as 43 steps with my right foot in 30 seconds). It's a lot like proper bike position - making the legs work like pistons instead of levers. There may be a raging debate about optimal turnover rate, but there's no debate for me.


avagoyamug

Apr 18, 12 5:08

Post #35 of 43 (1173 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [craig5] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

Lower cadence running is a product of the big bulky shoes that have become popular of the last 20 years. If everyone was brought up in bare feet and then trained and raced in light shoes there would be no over-striders, far fewer running injuries and people would have good form and being running in 170-190.


fbrissette

Apr 18, 12 5:37

Post #36 of 43 (1161 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [Joe M] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

Cadence is a function of speed, even in elite runners.
http://sweatscience.com/...-as-they-accelerate/

The fact elite runners operate at 180 for most aerobic events (>= 3min/km) does not mean that the casual runner running at 6min/km should try to emulate them.

Francois in Montreal


kbmcdowell

Apr 18, 12 5:56

Post #37 of 43 (1146 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [fbrissette] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

fbrissette wrote:
The fact elite runners operate at 180 for most aerobic events (>= 3min/km) does not mean that the casual runner running at 6min/km should try to emulate them.

Good point.

As a new runner, I have been running all winter at cadences 130 and 150, at paces between 8:30 and 10:00 min/mile. Using the BarryP plan for beginners, I am now up to 2:10 a week (I started at 50 minutes per week) . After reading this thread, and doing some research on running cadence, I decided to try some of my own experiments with cadence. I got the PodRunner iPhone app to assist with establishing a consistent cadence, and I love it. The fastest I have tried so far is 165, and it feels great. I feel so much better with the faster cadence, and even throw in an extra step every 16th step, so I am looking to try 170 next time.


Joe M

Apr 18, 12 6:16

Post #38 of 43 (1138 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [fbrissette] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

If Cadence is a function of speed... then why is it that if you run on a treadmill and run a cadence of 180 at different "fixed" speeds... the effort levels appear to be very similar.

What I mean, if I try to keep a 180 pace at a VERY slow treadmill speed (almost like almost running in place very fast) vs. a 180 pace at a very fast treadmill speed.... I will almost get as fatiqued at the slower speed... as if the treadmill was at a faster speed. Perhaps because you can not use momentum/falling forward on a treadmill to gain running efficiency at slower speeds? Therefore If the cause is loss of forward momentum is the cause, then is it possible to find a persons optimal cadence by slowly increasing the speed of a treadmill until the difference in percieved effort from a lower speed to a higher speed is negligiable?


Devlin

Apr 18, 12 8:11

Post #39 of 43 (1099 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [Joe M] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

Joe M wrote:
If Cadence is a function of speed... then why is it that if you run on a treadmill and run a cadence of 180 at different "fixed" speeds... the effort levels appear to be very similar.

What I mean, if I try to keep a 180 pace at a VERY slow treadmill speed (almost like almost running in place very fast) vs. a 180 pace at a very fast treadmill speed.... I will almost get as fatiqued at the slower speed... as if the treadmill was at a faster speed. Perhaps because you can not use momentum/falling forward on a treadmill to gain running efficiency at slower speeds? Therefore If the cause is loss of forward momentum is the cause, then is it possible to find a persons optimal cadence by slowly increasing the speed of a treadmill until the difference in percieved effort from a lower speed to a higher speed is negligiable?

Because at the slower speed, if you try for 180 cadence you almost by necessity have to chop your stride. As fbrissette alluded to above, everyone points at 180 cadence and the top runners. But, that 180 cadence is at a race pace. If you watch some videos of Geb training, his training pace is in the mid 160's.

So, if you are trying to hit 180 during slow speeds, you are altering your natural stride, which reduces your efficiency. I seriously wouldn't worry about cadence so much, but rather look at your training. As I said above, one of two things is (most likely) happening if you're still a mop/bop runner after 25 years. Either you've reached your potential, or you're not training in the right manner to be a fop runner.

John


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Joe M

Apr 18, 12 8:39

Post #40 of 43 (1093 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [Devlin] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

I have been mop to bop IM marathoner because of certain recent physical limitations/injury (which seems to have been corrected over the past couple of years)... and this is besides getting old....

Just for the record, my triathlon experience is about 300 or so ID and sprint distance races with about 20 plus 70..3's and 5 IM's scattered over the past 26 or so yrs. Point is... my cadence is and has been always faster for shorter distances... just that to be efficient and to keep fatique at bay, for a marathon distance...it appears I fell into a rut of about 160-ish. and was concidering moving the cadence up but had some doubts about it's incremental value.


Devlin

Apr 18, 12 9:43

Post #41 of 43 (1067 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [Joe M] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

Joe M wrote:
I have been mop to bop IM marathoner because of certain recent physical limitations/injury (which seems to have been corrected over the past couple of years)... and this is besides getting old....

Just for the record, my triathlon experience is about 300 or so ID and sprint distance races with about 20 plus 70..3's and 5 IM's scattered over the past 26 or so yrs. Point is... my cadence is and has been always faster for shorter distances... just that to be efficient and to keep fatique at bay, for a marathon distance...it appears I fell into a rut of about 160-ish. and was concidering moving the cadence up but had some doubts about it's incremental value.

You can up your cadence, and you will run faster. At least until your fitness won't support the faster pace.

I've gone from ~7:30-8:00/mile race pace in the last year to somewhere between 6:50-7:15/mile. My cadence at race pace has increased, but I've never done anything to work on cadence. I've run more and run smarter, my fitness has increased, and the cadence followed along. Two years ago I tried to run 180 cadence at 8:30ish paces for my workouts, and all I accomplished was tearing things up. Yeah, it's n=1. But if 180 is so optimal, why do elite runners not train at a 180 cadence? Sure, they run 180+ cadence in races. But, they're also running 5:00 miles. If you get fast enough to be running 5:00 miles, I'd bet your cadence would increase as well, without doing anything to arbitrarily increase it.

I admit, it's along the same lines of the chicken/egg debate, which is why these always go back and forth so much. :p

John


Driven by: Accelerate3 | Follow on Twitter: Racing Clean | Facebook: Racing Clean


xpda

Apr 18, 12 10:45

Post #42 of 43 (1043 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [steelerguy] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

This spring I've upped my cadence by a lot, to 170-180. I've seen no loss in speed, maybe a little increase. There is noticeably less wear and tear on feet and knees, and faster recovery. I generally run 6:30-8:00 pace, 2 to 6 miles, and I'm 50+. It seemed really odd at first, taking baby steps, but my time was just as good as before. Now it seems normal.


G$

Apr 18, 12 10:56

Post #43 of 43 (1033 views)
Re: 180 running cadence/turnover - valid for all run distances? [xpda] [In reply to] Quote | Reply

Quote:
I've upped my cadence by a lot, to 170-180. I've seen no loss in speed, maybe a little increase. There is noticeably less wear and tear on feet and knees, and faster recovery.

+1

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